{"id":13538,"date":"2026-10-28T08:21:53","date_gmt":"2026-10-28T12:21:53","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.openenglish.com\/blog\/es\/?p=13538"},"modified":"2026-10-28T14:27:26","modified_gmt":"2026-10-28T18:27:26","slug":"relative-clauses-clausulas-relativas-en-ingles","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.openenglish.com\/blog\/es\/relative-clauses-clausulas-relativas-en-ingles\/","title":{"rendered":"Relative clauses en ingl\u00e9s: qu\u00e9 son, pronombres relativos y ejemplos"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><b>En resumen:<\/b> las <i>relative clauses<\/i> (cl\u00e1usulas u oraciones de relativo) son partes de una oraci\u00f3n que dan informaci\u00f3n sobre un sustantivo. Empiezan con un pronombre relativo: <b>who<\/b> (personas), <b>which<\/b> (cosas y animales), <b>that<\/b> (personas o cosas), <b>whose<\/b> (posesi\u00f3n), <b>whom<\/b> (personas como objeto, formal), <b>where<\/b> (lugares) y <b>when<\/b> (tiempo). Por ejemplo: <i>The woman <\/i><i>who lives next door<\/i><i> is a doctor<\/i> (La mujer que vive al lado es doctora). Aqu\u00ed tienes c\u00f3mo usar cada uno, la diferencia entre <i>defining<\/i> y <i>non-defining<\/i>, 20 ejemplos y un ejercicio con respuestas.<\/p>\n<h2><b>\u00bfQu\u00e9 son las relative clauses?<\/b><\/h2>\n<p>Una <i>relative clause<\/i> funciona como un adjetivo: describe o identifica a una persona, una cosa o un lugar que ya se mencion\u00f3. En espa\u00f1ol equivale a las oraciones que empiezan con \u00abque\u00bb, \u00abquien\u00bb, \u00abcuyo\u00bb o \u00abdonde\u00bb.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><i>I have a friend.<\/i> + <i>She speaks four languages.<\/i> \u2192 <i>I have a friend <\/i><i>who speaks four languages<\/i><i>.<\/i> (Tengo una amiga que habla cuatro idiomas.)<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><i>This is the phone.<\/i> + <i>I bought it yesterday.<\/i> \u2192 <i>This is the phone <\/i><i>(that) I bought yesterday<\/i><i>.<\/i> (Este es el tel\u00e9fono que compr\u00e9 ayer.)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Como la cl\u00e1usula modifica a un sustantivo, conviene tener claras las funciones de cada palabra; repasa los <a href=\"https:\/\/www.openenglish.com\/blog\/es\/sustantivos-verbos-y-adjetivos-en-ingles\/\">sustantivos, verbos y adjetivos en ingl\u00e9s<\/a>.<\/p>\n<h2><b>Pronombres relativos en ingl\u00e9s<\/b><\/h2>\n<table dir=\"ltr\" border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" data-sheets-root=\"1\" data-sheets-baot=\"1\">\n<colgroup>\n<col width=\"125\" \/>\n<col width=\"276\" \/>\n<col width=\"318\" \/>\n<col width=\"303\" \/><\/colgroup>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Pronombre<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>Se usa para<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>Ejemplo<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>Traducci\u00f3n<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>who<\/td>\n<td>Personas<\/td>\n<td>The man who called you is my boss.<\/td>\n<td>El hombre que te llam\u00f3 es mi jefe.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>which<\/td>\n<td>Cosas y animales<\/td>\n<td>The book which I&#8217;m reading is very long.<\/td>\n<td>El libro que estoy leyendo es muy largo.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>that<\/td>\n<td>Personas, cosas y animales (solo en defining)<\/td>\n<td>The car that is parked outside is mine.<\/td>\n<td>El carro que est\u00e1 estacionado afuera es m\u00edo.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>whose<\/td>\n<td>Posesi\u00f3n (cuyo, cuya)<\/td>\n<td>I met a woman whose brother is an actor.<\/td>\n<td>Conoc\u00ed a una mujer cuyo hermano es actor.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>whom<\/td>\n<td>Personas como objeto (formal)<\/td>\n<td>The candidate whom we interviewed was excellent.<\/td>\n<td>El candidato al que entrevistamos era excelente.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>where<\/td>\n<td>Lugares<\/td>\n<td>This is the caf\u00e9 where we met.<\/td>\n<td>Este es el caf\u00e9 donde nos conocimos.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>when<\/td>\n<td>Momentos<\/td>\n<td>I remember the day when I started college.<\/td>\n<td>Recuerdo el d\u00eda en que empec\u00e9 la universidad.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>why<\/td>\n<td>Razones (despu\u00e9s de reason)<\/td>\n<td>That&#8217;s the reason why I called.<\/td>\n<td>Esa es la raz\u00f3n por la que llam\u00e9.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>Varios de estos pronombres tambi\u00e9n son palabras de pregunta (<i>who?<\/i>, <i>which?<\/i>, <i>where?<\/i>). Si te confunden, revisa las <a href=\"https:\/\/www.openenglish.com\/blog\/es\/wh-questions-como-hacer-preguntas-en-ingles\/\">WH questions en ingl\u00e9s<\/a>.<\/p>\n<h2><b>\u00bfCu\u00e1l es la diferencia entre who, which y that?<\/b><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Who<\/b> se usa solo para personas: <i>the teacher who helped me<\/i>.<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Which<\/b> se usa para cosas y animales: <i>the laptop which I use for work<\/i>.<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>That<\/b> sirve para personas y cosas, y es lo m\u00e1s com\u00fan en ingl\u00e9s hablado, pero <b>solo en defining relative clauses<\/b> (sin comas): <i>the teacher that helped me<\/i>, <i>the laptop that I use<\/i>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Regla r\u00e1pida: si la cl\u00e1usula va entre comas, usa <i>who<\/i> o <i>which<\/i>, nunca <i>that<\/i>.<\/p>\n<h2><b>Defining y non-defining relative clauses<\/b><\/h2>\n<table dir=\"ltr\" border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" data-sheets-root=\"1\" data-sheets-baot=\"1\">\n<colgroup>\n<col width=\"217\" \/>\n<col width=\"544\" \/>\n<col width=\"424\" \/><\/colgroup>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Caracter\u00edstica<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>Defining (especificativas)<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>Non-defining (explicativas)<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Funci\u00f3n<\/td>\n<td>Identifican de qu\u00e9 persona o cosa hablamos; sin ellas la oraci\u00f3n pierde sentido<\/td>\n<td>Agregan informaci\u00f3n extra; si las quitas, la oraci\u00f3n se entiende igual<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Comas<\/td>\n<td>No llevan comas<\/td>\n<td>Van entre comas<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Pronombres<\/td>\n<td>who, which, that, whose, where, when<\/td>\n<td>who, which, whose, whom, where, when (nunca that)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u00bfSe puede omitir el pronombre?<\/td>\n<td>S\u00ed, cuando funciona como objeto<\/td>\n<td>No<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Ejemplo<\/td>\n<td>The students who studied passed the exam.<\/p>\n<p>(Solo aprobaron los que estudiaron.)<\/td>\n<td>The students, who studied, passed the exam.<\/p>\n<p>(Todos estudiaron y todos aprobaron.)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>M\u00e1s ejemplos de <i>non-defining<\/i>:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><i>My sister, who lives in Lima, is a nurse.<\/i> (Mi hermana, que vive en Lima, es enfermera.)<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><i>Mexico City, which is huge, has great museums.<\/i> (La Ciudad de M\u00e9xico, que es enorme, tiene museos incre\u00edbles.)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Como las comas cambian el significado, vale la pena repasar los <a href=\"https:\/\/www.openenglish.com\/blog\/es\/signos-de-puntuacion-en-ingles\/\">signos de puntuaci\u00f3n en ingl\u00e9s<\/a>.<\/p>\n<h2><b>\u00bfCu\u00e1ndo se puede omitir el pronombre relativo?<\/b><\/h2>\n<p>En las <i>defining relative clauses<\/i> puedes quitar <i>who<\/i>, <i>which<\/i> o <i>that<\/i> cuando el pronombre es el <b>objeto<\/b> del verbo, es decir, cuando despu\u00e9s viene otro sujeto:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><i>The movie (that) we watched was great.<\/i> (La pel\u00edcula que vimos estuvo genial.)<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><i>The person (who) I called didn&#8217;t answer.<\/i> (La persona a la que llam\u00e9 no contest\u00f3.)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>No se puede omitir cuando el pronombre es el <b>sujeto<\/b>: <i>The man <\/i><i>who<\/i><i> called you<\/i> (no <i>The man called you<\/i>, que significa otra cosa).<\/p>\n<h2><b>Relative clauses con preposiciones<\/b><\/h2>\n<p>Cuando el verbo lleva preposici\u00f3n (<i>talk to<\/i>, <i>work for<\/i>, <i>listen to<\/i>), hay dos formas:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Informal (preposici\u00f3n al final):<\/b> <i>The company (that) I work for is growing.<\/i> (La empresa para la que trabajo est\u00e1 creciendo.)<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Formal (preposici\u00f3n antes):<\/b> <i>The company for which I work is growing.<\/i> \/ <i>The person to whom I spoke was very kind.<\/i> (La persona con la que habl\u00e9 fue muy amable.)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>En la forma formal solo se usan <i>which<\/i> y <i>whom<\/i>, nunca <i>that<\/i> ni <i>who<\/i> despu\u00e9s de la preposici\u00f3n. Para elegir la preposici\u00f3n correcta, consulta las <a href=\"https:\/\/www.openenglish.com\/blog\/es\/preposiciones-en-ingles\/\">preposiciones en ingl\u00e9s<\/a>.<\/p>\n<h2><b>C\u00f3mo formar una relative clause paso a paso<\/b><\/h2>\n<ol>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Identifica el sustantivo repetido<\/b> en dos oraciones: <i>I bought a jacket. <\/i><i>The jacket<\/i><i> was on sale.<\/i><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Elige el pronombre<\/b> seg\u00fan sea persona, cosa, lugar, tiempo o posesi\u00f3n: aqu\u00ed, <i>which<\/i> o <i>that<\/i>.<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Reemplaza el sustantivo repetido<\/b> por el pronombre y coloca la cl\u00e1usula justo despu\u00e9s del sustantivo que describe: <i>I bought a jacket <\/i><i>that was on sale<\/i><i>.<\/i><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Decide si lleva comas:<\/b> si la informaci\u00f3n es extra, usa comas y <i>which<\/i>\/<i>who<\/i>.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2><b>15 ejemplos de relative clauses<\/b><\/h2>\n<ol>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><i>The girl who sits next to me is from Chile.<\/i> \u2013 La chica que se sienta a mi lado es de Chile.<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><i>I need a phone that has a good camera.<\/i> \u2013 Necesito un tel\u00e9fono que tenga buena c\u00e1mara.<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><i>This is the house where I grew up.<\/i> \u2013 Esta es la casa donde crec\u00ed.<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><i>The dog that lives next door barks all night.<\/i> \u2013 El perro que vive al lado ladra toda la noche.<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><i>She&#8217;s the singer whose song won the award.<\/i> \u2013 Ella es la cantante cuya canci\u00f3n gan\u00f3 el premio.<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><i>I&#8217;ll never forget the day when we met.<\/i> \u2013 Nunca olvidar\u00e9 el d\u00eda en que nos conocimos.<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><i>The pizza (that) we ordered was cold.<\/i> \u2013 La pizza que pedimos estaba fr\u00eda.<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><i>My father, who is 60, still runs every day.<\/i> \u2013 Mi pap\u00e1, que tiene 60 a\u00f1os, todav\u00eda corre todos los d\u00edas.<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><i>Do you know anyone who speaks Japanese?<\/i> \u2013 \u00bfConoces a alguien que hable japon\u00e9s?<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><i>The report (that) you sent me has an error.<\/i> \u2013 El informe que me enviaste tiene un error.<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><i>Canc\u00fan, which is in Quintana Roo, is very popular.<\/i> \u2013 Canc\u00fan, que est\u00e1 en Quintana Roo, es muy popular.<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><i>The doctor who treated me was very kind.<\/i> \u2013 La doctora que me atendi\u00f3 fue muy amable.<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><i>That&#8217;s the restaurant where they serve the best tacos.<\/i> \u2013 Ese es el restaurante donde sirven los mejores tacos.<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><i>I have a neighbor whose cat visits me every day.<\/i> \u2013 Tengo un vecino cuyo gato me visita todos los d\u00edas.<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><i>The song (that) you&#8217;re listening to is old.<\/i> \u2013 La canci\u00f3n que est\u00e1s escuchando es vieja.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2><b>Errores comunes con las relative clauses<\/b><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Usar <\/b><b><i>which<\/i><\/b><b> para personas:<\/b> <i>the woman which<\/i> (incorrecto) \u2192 <i>the woman who<\/i> (correcto).<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Usar <\/b><b><i>that<\/i><\/b><b> entre comas:<\/b> <i>My car, that is red, \u2026<\/i> (incorrecto) \u2192 <i>My car, which is red, \u2026<\/i> (correcto).<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Repetir el pronombre personal:<\/b> <i>The book that I read it<\/i> (incorrecto) \u2192 <i>The book that I read<\/i> (correcto).<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Confundir <\/b><b><i>whose<\/i><\/b><b> con <\/b><b><i>who&#8217;s<\/i><\/b><b>:<\/b> <i>whose<\/i> es \u00abcuyo\u00bb; <i>who&#8217;s<\/i> es <i>who is<\/i> o <i>who has<\/i>.<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Omitir el pronombre cuando es sujeto:<\/b> <i>The man lives here is nice<\/i> (incorrecto) \u2192 <i>The man who lives here is nice<\/i> (correcto).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Si <i>whose<\/i> te confunde con los posesivos, repasa los <a href=\"https:\/\/www.openenglish.com\/blog\/es\/adjetivos-posesivos-en-ingles\/\">adjetivos posesivos en ingl\u00e9s<\/a>.<\/p>\n<h2><b>Ejercicio: relative clauses<\/b><\/h2>\n<p>Completa con <i>who<\/i>, <i>which<\/i>, <i>whose<\/i>, <i>where<\/i> o <i>when<\/i>:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\">The girl ____ lives next door is my best friend.<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\">This is the hotel ____ we stayed last summer.<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\">I met a man ____ daughter is a pilot.<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\">Paris, ____ is the capital of France, is beautiful.<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\">Do you remember the year ____ we graduated?<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\">The teacher ____ taught me English was from Canada.<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\">My laptop, ____ is five years old, still works well.<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\">That&#8217;s the student ____ project won first place.<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\">The park ____ we play soccer is closed today.<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\">My grandmother, ____ is 85, uses a smartphone.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><b>Respuestas:<\/b> 1. who (tambi\u00e9n <i>that<\/i>) \u00b7 2. where \u00b7 3. whose \u00b7 4. which \u00b7 5. when \u00b7 6. who (tambi\u00e9n <i>that<\/i>) \u00b7 7. which \u00b7 8. whose \u00b7 9. where \u00b7 10. who<\/p>\n<h2><b>Practica las relative clauses en conversaci\u00f3n<\/b><\/h2>\n<p>Las <i>relative clauses<\/i> te permiten unir ideas y sonar m\u00e1s natural al hablar y escribir, y son un tema frecuente en las <a href=\"https:\/\/www.openenglish.com\/blog\/es\/certificaciones-de-ingles-comprobar-nivel-de-ingles\/\">certificaciones de ingl\u00e9s<\/a>. Para seguir ordenando tus frases, mira los <a href=\"https:\/\/www.openenglish.com\/blog\/es\/conectores-en-ingles\/\">conectores en ingl\u00e9s<\/a> y las <a href=\"https:\/\/www.openenglish.com\/blog\/es\/reglas-de-gramatica-ingles\/\">reglas de gram\u00e1tica en ingl\u00e9s<\/a> m\u00e1s importantes. En Open English tienes clases en vivo con profesores para practicar la gram\u00e1tica en conversaciones reales. Descubre tu nivel con el <a href=\"https:\/\/www.openenglish.com\/test-de-ingles\/\">test de ingl\u00e9s gratis<\/a>.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>En resumen: las relative clauses (cl\u00e1usulas u oraciones de relativo) son partes de una oraci\u00f3n que dan informaci\u00f3n sobre un sustantivo. Empiezan con un pronombre relativo: who (personas), which (cosas y animales), that (personas o cosas), whose (posesi\u00f3n), whom (personas como objeto, formal), where (lugares) y when (tiempo). Por ejemplo: The woman who lives next [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":73,"featured_media":13540,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"post-2021.php","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_lmt_disableupdate":"no","_lmt_disable":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[125],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-13538","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-gramatica"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v25.9 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Relative Clauses en Ingl\u00e9s: Qu\u00e9 Son, Usos y 20 Ejemplos<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Relative clauses en ingl\u00e9s: pronombres relativos (who, which, that, whose, where), defining y non-defining, 20 ejemplos y ejercicio con respuestas.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" 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